Cross Market (Mercat Cross)

Mercat Cross

The Mercat Cross, situated on Edinburgh's Royal Mile adjacent to St Giles' Cathedral, stands as a testament to the city's rich history and cultural heritage. The term "mercat" is derived from the Scots word for "market," underscoring its original role as the epicenter of Edinburgh's commercial and civic activities. Over the centuries, this monument has evolved in design and significance, reflecting the dynamic history of Scotland's capital.

Historical Background

The earliest documentary reference to a mercat cross in Edinburgh dates back to 1165–1214 during the reign of William the Lion. It was decreed that "all merchandises sal be presentit at the mercat and mercat croce of burghis," indicating the central role these crosses played in medieval Scottish towns. ({{LINK0}}) The original Mercat Cross in Edinburgh was first mentioned in a charter of 1365, indicating its establishment as a focal point for the city's market and civic life. ({{LINK1}})

In 1617, the cross was relocated a few yards down the High Street, a position now marked by an octagonal arrangement of cobblestones. This relocation was part of a broader urban development plan to accommodate the growing city. The cross underwent further changes in 1756 when it was demolished, and parts of the pillar were re-erected in the grounds of Drum House in Gilmerton. A monument now stands there, commemorating the original cross. (en.wikipedia.org)

Architectural Features

The current Mercat Cross, erected in 1885, is a Victorian reconstruction that incorporates elements from the original 15th-century cross. Designed by architect Sydney Mitchell and funded by William Gladstone, the structure features an octagonal base adorned with various coats of arms representing different places of significance. A central stone column rises from this base, topped with a statue of a unicorn holding a Scottish flag, symbolizing Scotland's national identity. The cross's design reflects a blend of medieval and Victorian architectural styles, serving as a visual link between Edinburgh's past and present. (en.wikipedia.org)

Cultural and Civic Significance

Historically, the Mercat Cross was the venue for public proclamations, including royal announcements, legal decrees, and other significant civic events. It was the site where news of royal successions, such as the proclamation of Charles II in 1649, was publicly announced, underscoring its role in disseminating important information to the populace. ({{LINK0}}) The cross also served as a place of execution; notably, James Graham, the Marquess of Montrose, was executed there in 1650, and Archibald Campbell, the Marquess of Argyll, in 1661. These events highlight the cross's role in the city's judicial and political history. ({{LINK1}})

Modern-Day Relevance

Today, the Mercat Cross remains a symbol of Edinburgh's rich history and continues to be used for ceremonial purposes, including the proclamation of new monarchs. Its location near St Giles' Cathedral and the City Chambers places it at the heart of Edinburgh's Old Town, making it a focal point for both locals and visitors. The cross's enduring presence serves as a reminder of the city's evolution from a medieval market town to a modern capital. (britannica.com)

Visitor Information

Visitors to Edinburgh can explore the Mercat Cross as part of a walking tour of the Royal Mile. The cross is easily accessible and serves as a starting point for guided tours that delve into the history of the Old Town. Nearby attractions include St Giles' Cathedral, the City Chambers, and the various closes and wynds that characterize the Royal Mile. The Mercat Cross's central location makes it an ideal spot to begin an exploration of Edinburgh's rich cultural and historical landscape. (edinburghtourist.co.uk)

In summary, the Mercat Cross stands as a testament to Edinburgh's enduring history, reflecting its evolution from a medieval market town to a vibrant modern city. Its architectural features, historical significance, and continued use in civic ceremonies underscore its importance as a symbol of Scotland's capital.